sRNAs in bacterial type I and type III toxin-antitoxin systems
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
sRNAs in bacterial type I and type III toxin-antitoxin systems.
Toxin-antitoxin (TA) loci consist of two genes: a stable toxin whose overexpression kills the cell or causes growth stasis and an unstable antitoxin that neutralizes the toxin action. Currently, five TA systems are known. Here, we review type I and type III systems in which the antitoxins are regulatory RNAs. Type I antitoxins act by a base-pairing mechanism on toxin mRNAs. By contrast, type II...
متن کاملIdentification and classification of bacterial Type III toxin–antitoxin systems encoded in chromosomal and plasmid genomes
Toxin-antitoxin systems are widespread in bacteria and archaea. They perform diverse functional roles, including the generation of persistence, maintenance of genetic loci and resistance to bacteriophages through abortive infection. Toxin-antitoxin systems have been divided into three types, depending on the nature of the interacting macromolecules. The recently discovered Type III toxin-antito...
متن کاملStructure, Evolution, and Functions of Bacterial Type III Toxin-Antitoxin Systems
Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are small genetic modules that encode a toxin (that targets an essential cellular process) and an antitoxin that neutralises or suppresses the deleterious effect of the toxin. Based on the molecular nature of the toxin and antitoxin components, TA systems are categorised into different types. Type III TA systems, the focus of this review, are composed of a toxic end...
متن کاملBacterial toxin-antitoxin systems
Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are composed of two elements: a toxic protein and an antitoxin which is either an RNA (type I and III) or a protein (type II). Type II systems are abundant in bacterial genomes in which they move via horizontal gene transfer. They are generally composed of two genes organized in an operon, encoding a toxin and a labile antitoxin. When carried by mobile genetic eleme...
متن کاملWhy so narrow: Distribution of anti-sense regulated, type I toxin-antitoxin systems compared with type II and type III systems
Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are gene modules that appear to be horizontally mobile across a wide range of prokaryotes. It has been proposed that type I TA systems, with an antisense RNA-antitoxin, are less mobile than other TAs that rely on direct toxin-antitoxin binding but no direct comparisons have been made. We searched for type I, II and III toxin families using iterative searches with pr...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: FEMS Microbiology Reviews
سال: 2015
ISSN: 1574-6976
DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuv003